IT 231- Java Programming 2

Introduction to Java Programming
a.History
The Java language has undergone several changes since JDK 1.0 as well as numerous additions of classes and packages to the standard library. Since J2SE 1.4, the evolution of the Java language has been governed by the Java Community Process (JCP), which uses Java Specification Requests (JSRs) to propose and specify additions and changes to the Java platform. The language is specified by the Java Language Specification (JLS); changes to the JLS are managed under JSR 901.
In addition to the language changes, much more dramatic changes have been made to the Java class library over the years, which has grown from a few hundred classes in JDK 1.0 to over three thousand in J2SE 5.0. Entire new APIs, such as Swing and Java2D, have been introduced, and many of the original JDK 1.0 classes and methods have been deprecated.

b.Java Technology
a. Programming language-is an artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine, to express algorithms precisely, or as a mode of human communication.
Many programming languages have some form of written specification of their syntax (form) and semantics (meaning). Some languages are defined by a specification document. For example, the C programming language is specified by an ISO Standard. Other languages, such as Perl, have a dominant implementation that is used as a reference.
The earliest programming languages predate the invention of the computer, and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos. Thousands of different programming languages have been created, mainly in the computer field, with many more being created every year. Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support functiona programming or logic programming, use alternative forms of description.
b.Development Invironment- Development environment may refer to Integrated development environment.In hosted software (eg web site/application, database not shrinkwrap software) development, Development environment refers to a server tier designated to a specific stage in a release process.Development, staging, and production is a common arrangement of tiers.
A more comprehensive list of tiers:

c.Application Invironment
d.Deployment Invironment

c.Java Features
-Java Virtual Machine
-Garbage Collection
-Code Security

Java 6 Features
feature or an enhancement in Java is encapsulated in the form of a JSR. JSR, which stands for Java Specification Request is nothing but a formal proposal which details the need for a specific functionality to be available in the Java Platform that can be used by Applications. These JSR’s will be reviewed and released by a committee called Java Expert Groups (JEG). This article covers the following list of features (or JSRs') that comes along with the Java 6 Platform.
>Pluggable Annotation Processing API (JSR 269)
>Common Annotations (JSR 250)
>Java API for XML Based Web Services - 2.0 (JSR 224)
>JAXB 2.0 (JSR 222)
>Web Services Metadata (JSR 181)
>Streaming API for XML (JSR 173)
>XML Digital Signature (JSR 105)
>Java Class File Specification Update (JSR 202)
>Java Compiler API (JSR 199)
>JDBC 4.0 (JSR 221)
>Scripting in the Java Platform (JSR 223)
d.The differrence between Java Application and Java Applet.

f.What makes Java an Object-Oriented-Programming Language.